Ampacity by temperature rating
| Temperature rating | Ampacity | Typical insulation |
|---|---|---|
| 60°C | 150 A | — |
| 75°C | 180 A | THW |
| 90°C | 205 A | THHN / THWN-2, XHHW-2 |
Reference tables · Aluminum ampacity
2023 NEC · Table 310.16
4/0 AWG aluminum wire ampacity
At a 75°C termination rating, 4/0 AWG aluminum carries 180 A under the published table's basis conditions — 30°C ambient, no more than three current-carrying conductors.
What 4/0 AWG aluminum is used for
4/0 AWG aluminum carries 180 A at 75°C. Conductors this size are service entrance and main feeder conductors — the run between a meter and a panel, or between a main panel and a large subpanel. It pairs with a 175 A overcurrent device.
Terminations usually decide the practical answer. Breakers and equipment are typically listed for 60°C or 75°C, so even 90°C-rated insulation on this conductor is normally limited to the 180 A column at the terminals. Check the equipment's listing rather than assuming.
Derating
Ampacity in real conditions
| Ambient | 3 conductors | 4 conductors | 7 conductors | 10 conductors | 21 conductors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20°C | 199.8 A | 159.8 A | 139.9 A | 99.9 A | 89.9 A |
| 30°C | 180 A | 144 A | 126 A | 90 A | 81 A |
| 40°C | 158.4 A | 126.7 A | 110.9 A | 79.2 A | 71.3 A |
| 50°C | 135 A | 108 A | 94.5 A | 67.5 A | 60.8 A |
Properties
| Circular mils | 211,600 |
|---|---|
| DC resistance | 0.1 Ω per 1000 ft |
| Ampacity at 75°C | 180 A |
| Overcurrent ceiling | Set by ampacity |
| Largest standard breaker | 175 A |
| Area, THHN / THWN-2 | 0.3237 in² |
| Area, XHHW-2 | 0.3197 in² |
| Area, THW | 0.3718 in² |
Voltage drop over distance
Single-phase 240 V, carrying 180 A on 4/0 AWG aluminum.
| One-way distance | Drop | Within 3%? |
|---|---|---|
| 25 ft | 0.38% | Yes |
| 50 ft | 0.75% | Yes |
| 100 ft | 1.50% | Yes |
| 150 ft | 2.25% | Yes |
| 200 ft | 3.01% | No |
| 300 ft | 4.51% | No |
Source: NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Table 310.16; NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Table 310.15(B)(1)(1); NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Table 310.15(C)(1); NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Chapter 9, Table 8. Published by NFPA.NEC 2023
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